Does anyone else love Spring cleaning? My husband and I have started our Spring cleaning a bit early this year. By the time Spring comes it’s too hot here to do it. Hence doing it in Winter.
I was out of action for the better part of a year so a lot of our housework became very neglected. I’ve been looking at my windows for months and itching to clean them as they were filthy. We’re working our way around the house cleaning windows, blinds and curtains, ceiling fans, skirting boards, fly-screens, furniture and floors. It’s a huge job but oh, so satisfying.
I’m a Domestic Goddess!
I’m a bit of a control freak with cleaning. I have never paid anyone to do it, even though at times my health has meant that I can’t do it myself. No-one else could do it to my satisfaction! I enjoy really getting in there and scrubbing thoroughly. My husband doesn’t quite do it the way I like, but I bite my tongue most of the time because I need his help with the heavier work.
He’s a perfectionist in the garden though. At times I’ve suggested we pay for someone to do our lawns or do some of the other outside chores. He would rather do it himself though, for the same reason I like to do my own cleaning. We’re our own worst enemies! I guess we like the satisfaction that comes from doing a job properly, and seeing the results of our hard work.
The Love of a Clean House
Spring cleaning will take us the good part of a month to six weeks to do this year. Phil works very long hours and I’m back doing shift work, so we only get one day a week to do it. We’re about half way through. It’s so nice to see the sun streaming through sparkling clean windows! It’s a constant battle to keep on top of it because we have three cats and a dog which means lots of fur and dirty paw prints.
Women’s Work / Men’s Work
My family growing up was very traditional, with a tradesman dad and stay at home mum. There were jobs for the girls and jobs for the boys. I didn’t mind helping mum out with the housework because I learned a lot of useful skills from her.
My first marriage was quite traditional too. The difference was that I worked and also had to do the majority of the housework. My ex-husband did a minimum of housework. He did look after the swimming pool and yard though, so when we separated I had to figure out how to do those chores.
I remember being overwhelmed by having to look after the pool and yard. I eventually became proficient with those tasks and learned how to do many tasks that were traditionally men’s work. I bought a tool kit and tackled many jobs around the house. I didn’t want my sons to lack basic skills so I taught them how to sew, cook, clean, do laundry, iron and many other skills.
When I met my second husband we realised pretty quickly that we enjoyed doing tasks together. We renovated my house and landscaped the yard together. Being with someone who you can rely on to be supportive like that is such a good foundation for marriage.
I’m curious to know how many of my readers love Spring cleaning, or whether you would rather outsource it? What jobs around the house do you pay someone to do?
Resilience is my Word of the Year 2021. I chose this word because last year I had complications from surgery that meant that I couldn’t work. I was needing every bit of courage, inner strength and persistence to work towards that goal, after suffering many setbacks. Now that it is six months into the year, I thought I would revisit my word of the year to see how I was progressing.
Gaining Strength and Cardiovascular Fitness
I reached my goal of returning to work in early April. To be able to return to work I had to be 100% capable of fulfilling my duties as a Registered Nurse. I had been seeing an Exercise Physiologist weekly since November in order to build up my upper body strength. My progress was slow because of the pain. I was deconditioned from not being able to exercise for six months so it took a long time to build my strength back up again.
I’m proud to say I have kept up my exercise program, by doing the regime three times a week. There is no way I want to lose my fitness after working so hard to achieve it. I do two different programmes which take an hour each. On the third workout I do yoga or another low impact routine. I also walk my dog for 3km per day.
Working on my strength and cardiovascular fitness has had many benefits including being able to work without lower back pain. This has meant that my job doesn’t cause pain, and is easier to do. The lower back pain I lived with for years is so much better now.
Returning to Work – Goal Met!
I started back just doing two shifts per week. At first I was really tired but my stamina has improved greatly. Next week I’m increasing my shifts to five per fortnight. Previously I did seven shifts per fortnight but I doubt if I’ll ever get back to that. I used to be permanently exhausted and get a lot of migraines, and my insomnia was terrible. I work all shifts and it changes week to week so the lack of consistency has always played havoc with my sleeping patterns. While I was off work I was in a regular sleeping pattern but that’s gone out the window now.
I’m very mindful of the need to have a better work-life balance. I don’t want my job to impact my life like it used to. The best lesson I had while I was not working was that I don’t want to work like that anymore. I may increase to six shifts per fortnight, but no more than that. I learned to be much more careful with my money so I know I can live off less income.
I am absolutely loving being back at work. I did not realise it meant so much to me until I couldn’t do it! Being a nurse is part of my DNA! It’s all I know after doing it for 35 years, with only a few months off to have my sons. I’m loving the mental stimulation, the sense of purpose, and the satisfaction I get from helping people. I hope I have another 10 or so years left in me until I’m retirement age!
Inspiration – I prioritise what is important to me, and let the rest go
Starting my Podcast
You may have noticed my blog posts have had a theme this year. I have had an inner drive to make my podcast about BRCA Gene Mutations and Cancer Awareness. I have been enjoying the challenge of trying something new. I have another three episodes left that I want to make then I’ll probably give myself a break from it. I have always wanted to write interlinked posts about cancer awareness as it is something I’m passionate about. The audio quality of the podcast is not that great. I’m more interested in getting my message out there than perfecting the quality.
One thing I find difficult is all the technical side of having a website. It’s getting neglected now that I have even less time to spend on it. I don’t have time to promote it on social media anymore so I’m not growing my audience. I would rather have an audience of regular readers even if it is low in numbers. Blogging has always been about writing, and the community of bloggers. That is why I keep finding time for it in my busy schedule. I prioritise what is important to me, and let the rest go.
Overlooking the Gold Coast beach that holds a lot of significance for my husband
The Importance of Family
My mother-in-law passed away at the beginning of May. I’m no stranger to grieving, having lost both parents and my sister, but my husband had never been through it. The family has united in our support for each other. We make sure my 90 year old father-in-law has regular visits to check in on him. We all have our bad days but that’s to be expected. Overall we’re doing fine.
My husband and I had a short staycation last weekend because we felt like we needed time to reconnect. We spent time visiting the area that he grew up in. Nearly every photo of him when he was a boy was at the beach so I wanted to see where his mum took him. We are planning to spread her ashes in the ocean close to there when the time is right. We shed a few tears and really felt her presence that day.
The pandemic has once again stuffed up travel plans. An outbreak caused lock-downs and forced my in-laws to cancel their holiday. One of my nieces is stuck in Sydney, unable to return to Queensland. It’s a reminder that this is not over yet. Life won’t be back to normal for a long time.
Inspiration – If I Set My Mind to Something, I Can Do It
Improving my Mental Health
Last year I began seeing a psychologist to help me to deal with the emotions that came from coping with my health issues. I have continued to see her because I find my mental fortitude is so much better due to it. I have definitely needed it for grief counseling this year.
To summarise, I feel that resilience was a very good choice for my Word of the Year. I have needed resilience to cope with returning to work and grieving my mother-in-law. Resilience has helped me maintain my fitness by exercising even when I don’t feel like it. And resilience has helped me to deal with all the negative emotions I had during my recovery – self doubt, low confidence and self pity.
I have a lot more confidence now that I have achieved my goal. I feel that if I set my mind to something, I can do it. I can see how far I have come since this time last year. I definitely don’t take things for granted like good health, my job, and my family. I’m so much happier for it too.
This is a transcript of Episode 5 of the BRCA Gene Mutation and Cancer Awareness podcast.
Intro
Welcome to the BRCA gene mutation and cancer awareness podcast. I am Christina Henry of Midlifestylist.com. I am a Registered Nurse with a BRCA2 gene mutation. My podcast will raise awareness of BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations and their link to an increased cancer risk. BRCA gene mutations affect males and females equally, but there isn’t a lot of awareness in the community of the cancers that male carriers are at risk of. My podcast aims to change that. I will also discuss other topics of interest such as genetic counselling and testing, cancer screening and prophylactic surgery. If you would like to know more about BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations, this podcast is for you. Thanks for joining me.
The Link Between BRCA Gene Mutations and Pancreatic Cancer
The third most common cancer associated with a BRCA1 or 2 gene mutation is pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the US and Australia, and has the worst five year survival rate (<9%).
A family history of pancreatic cancer is found in 5-10% of pancreatic cancer patients. Of the known genetic mutations involved in familial pancreatic cancer, BRCA1 & 2 are the most common. BRCA2 mutation carriers have a 3.5 fold risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The risk associated with BRCA1 is unclear – some studies suggest a 2.2 fold risk, others say there is no increased risk.
Currently surgery is the only curative measure, but only 15-20% of patients are diagnosed with resectable disease. Even if the cancer is resected, 75% of patients will experience disease recurrence within 5 years. These statistics are a grim reality for people with BRCA gene mutations, and one that I find very concerning. Because my father died from pancreatic cancer, I am at high risk.
Pancreatic cancer facts. 4th most common cancer death in Australia and USA. Worst 5 year survival rate
Risk factors associated with BRCA1 and 2 gene mutations:
As well as a mutation in the BRCA1 or 2 gene, certain risk factors can increase the likelihood that cancer will develop. For pancreatic cancer, an increased risk is associated with the following:
cigarette smoking,
chronic pancreatitis,
diabetes (especially type 2 diabetes),
liver cirrhosis,
obesity,
age,
being male,
exposure to certain chemicals used in metal refinery,
stomach infection with Helicobacter Pylori (which causes stomach ulcers)
and a high fat, meat based diet.
A decreased risk is associated with a low-fat, high fruit and vegetable diet and quitting smoking. The single environmental factor associated with pancreatic cancer is cigarette smoking, which is estimated for approximately 25-30% of all pancreatic tumours.
High risk patients are first degree relatives of someone with pancreatic cancer, have Reutz-Jeghers Syndrome, or have mutations in BRCA1 or 2, ATM, PALB2, or Lynch Syndrome genes, and have first or second degree relatives with pancreatic cancer.
The third most common cancer associated with BRCA gene mutations is pancreatic cancer.
We do have an opportunity to reduce our risk of many types of cancer, but not pancreatic cancer. Lifestyle choices can help but we can’t have risk reducing surgery. Watch for symptoms such as the following:
Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer:
Loss of Appetite
Fatigue
Abdominal and mid-back pain
Changes in bowel movements
Unexplained weight loss
New-onset diabetes. Symptoms of diabetes may include excessive thirst, a high or low blood sugar level, increased urination or blurred vision
Jaundice – yellow skin or eyes
Itchy skin
Enlarged gall bladder
Changes in taste
Blood clots.
Like ovarian cancer, the symptoms are vague and may indicate a number of health issues. Early stage pancreatic cancer rarely causes symptoms which makes it difficult to diagnose. Seek medical attention early if you suspect that something is wrong. Be an advocate for your own health, be proactive with screening and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Screening for Pancreatic Cancer
At present there is no clear consensus on the optimal screening method for pancreatic cancer, the age to initiate and stop screening, how often to screen and the ways to treat patients with a tumour. Screening may include MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography), or an endoscopic ultrasound. The American College of Gastroenterology recommends that high risk patients should be screened yearly. They recommend a EUS and/or MRI beginning at age 50 or 10 years prior to the earliest age of pancreatic cancer diagnosis within the family.
The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN) recommends that all pancreatic cancer patients receive genetic testing for inherited mutations as well as genetic counseling. For those with cancer, BRCA mutations can inform and improve treatment. Cancer cells with a BRCA mutation may respond particularly well to a certain type of chemotherapy as well as a targeted therapy called PARP inhibition. The PARP inhibitor Olaparib is recommended for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who have a BRCA1 or 2 gene mutation and whose tumour previously responded to a platinum based chemotherapy.
Pankind, the Pancreatic Cancer Foundation of Australia, is currently running a campaign because they aim to triple the survival rate of pancreatic cancer by 2030. Through funding research, particularly into screening for pancreatic cancer, Pankind hope to improve the current outcomes for patients and their families. Medical research is the single most important factor improving patient survival. I will add a link in my blog to Pankind’s website where you can donate if you wish.
The Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative is conducting one of the research studies currently in Australia. The trial is using EUS (endoscopic ultrasounds) to screen people at high risk of pancreatic cancer. Hopefully the results of this research will improve detection and survival rates for people with pancreatic cancer. There is a link to this information on my website.
Purple ribbon for pancreatic cancer awareness.
My Experiences With Pancreatic Cancer Screening
Unlike breast and ovarian cancer, I can’t have prophylactic surgery to reduce my risk of pancreatic cancer. My best bet is to have screening which will hopefully catch it at its earliest stages, when it is able to be resected. My gastroenterologist has recommended a MRCP, possibly alternating with EUS. Unfortunately when you have a BRCA2 gene mutation the fear of cancer is always there, but being proactive with screening will hopefully be enough to keep it at bay.
A couple of weeks ago I had an MRCP which is an MRI of the pancreas and surrounding areas. MRIs are horrible. I’ve had breast MRIs in the past which are extremely unpleasant as you need to lie still while lying face down with your breasts dangling through holes cut out of a board which applies pressure to your upper chest. Your arms are extended above your head in such a way that your shoulders cramp up but you aren’t allowed to shift position to relieve the pain, or even breathe deeply.
I thought the MRCP would be a bit easier than the breast MRI because I’d be lying on my back. But it wasn’t. My arms were still extended above my head for the entire torturous 30 minutes. The fear of stuffing the test up and having to redo it caused an anxiety attack and claustrophobia. My muscles in my neck, shoulders, arms and upper back went into spasm. Next time I’m requesting a sedative as every time I have one my reactions get worse.
Waiting For Test Results
Waiting for the results never gets any easier. The reality of having a BRCA2 gene mutation is that we need frequent screening, most of it painful, unpleasant and sometimes scary. Last week I had a gastroscopy and colonoscopy. The prep for that was brutal! Thankfully those tests came back clear as well.
When you’re cleared of cancer once again it’s almost a euphoric feeling. It’s hard to describe the constant underlying anxiety of having a gene mutation that increases your risk of cancer. At times I wonder if I’m a hypochondriac or overthinking this, but my doctors reassure me that my paranoia is justified. The main reason I decided to have prophylactic surgery to remove my breasts and ovaries, was to reduce my risk of cancer and to avoid these stressful and painful screening tests. My risk for ovarian and breast cancer is now less than the general population.
My Father’s Pancreatic Cancer
Watching my dad die of pancreatic cancer was soul destroying. He had been unwell for years, mostly due to prostate cancer. He needed an indwelling catheter to drain his bladder but it kept getting blocked with blood clots. This lead to frequent hospital admissions and very poor quality of life. He also had many urinary tract infections. During one of those hospital stays he had a CT Scan which showed his pancreatic cancer, quite by chance.
Dad’s health declined rapidly and he lost a lot of weight as the pancreatic cancer wrecked havoc with his appetite. His oral fluid intake was restricted because his sodium level was dangerously low. This meant he couldn’t enjoy two of his favourite things, food and alcohol.
During his final hospital stay he was hallucinating because of the low sodium. His hands were swollen and painful because he couldn’t take his gout medication. He was praying constantly that God would end his suffering. To see my strong dad in this way was heartbreaking. It took just seven months for pancreatic cancer to take him.
Dealing With The Emotional Side of Cancer Screening
My fear of getting pancreatic cancer is justified because it’s hard to diagnose in the early stages and has one of the highest mortality rates. Being aware of this means I will do the screening, no matter how much I hate it. During the long, sleepless night before the colonoscopy I cried for my dad. It’s so unfair that this genetic mutation has ripped my family apart.
My way of dealing with days when I feel upset or depressed, is by keeping focused on maintaining my health. I keep searching for information about BRCA gene mutations because there are currently many research studies being done worldwide. The knowledge I gain will help me to stay as healthy as possible and hopefully minimise my risk of cancer. Take a look at my resource page as I have included links to many of these sources.
My next episode will focus on prostate cancer and its link to BRCA gene mutations. As I have mentioned already, my father was a BRCA gene mutation carrier who had prostate cancer as well as pancreatic cancer. My grandfather passed away from prostate cancer and my brother was diagnosed with Stage 4 Prostate Cancer last year. During my nursing career I have worked in urology wards and have cared for many men with prostate cancer. I look forward to sharing this information in my next episode.
Outro
Do you want to learn more about BRCA gene mutations and cancer awareness? Find me at Midlifestylist.com where you can read about this and living a healthy lifestyle. Please subscribe to the podcast so that you don’t miss an episode. If there is a topic you would like me to talk about you can contact me via Midlifestylist.com. Thank you for listening.
Welcome to the BRCA gene mutation and cancer awareness podcast. I am Christina Henry of Midlifestylist.com. I am a Registered Nurse with a BRCA2 gene mutation. My podcast will raise awareness of BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations and their link to an increased cancer risk. BRCA gene mutations affect males and females equally, but there isn’t a lot of awareness in the community of the cancers that male carriers are at risk of. My podcast aims to change that. I will also discuss other topics of interest such as genetic counselling and testing, cancer screening and prophylactic surgery. If you would like to know more about BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations, this podcast is for you. Thanks for joining me.
Melanoma – Are You At Risk?
Many people do not realise that a BRCA 2 gene mutation increases your risk of melanoma. This episode is to raise awareness of melanoma, not just for BRCA2 mutation carriers, but for the general public as well.
Australia has one of the highest rates of melanoma in the world, with one person diagnosed every 30 minutes. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and the most common cause of cancer in 15 to 39 year olds. It is the third most common cancer in Australian men and women.
In the US, the lifetime risk of getting melanoma is about 2.6% (1 in 38) for whites, 0.1% (1 in 1000) for Blacks and 0.6% (1 in 167) for Hispanics. For BRCA2 carriers, the risk is 3-5% in both males and females.
Family History of Melanoma and Genetic Mutations
Familial malignant melanoma is a genetic condition, usually identified when 2 or more first degree relatives such as a parent, sibling and/or child have a melanoma. About 8% of people diagnosed with a melanoma have a first degree relative with one. About 1-2% have 2 or more close relatives with a melanoma. My family is high risk because my sister, brother and son have all had melanomas.
Two genes have been linked to familial melanoma – CDKN2A and CDK4. A mutation in either of these genes increases your risk of melanoma, and may also increase your risk of pancreatic cancer. Another gene, MC1R, is important for regulating pigment in the body. Variations in this gene have been associated with freckling and red hair, and an increase in the risk for melanoma.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare disorder in which people have a mutation in a gene needed for repair of UV radiation induced DNA damage. People with XP have an extremely high rate of skin cancer, including melanoma. Scientists believe that there are other genes not yet identified that also increase the risk of melanoma.
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing for mutations in the CDKN2A gene is available. However, genetic test results are unlikely to change care for people who have had melanoma or people with a strong family history of melanoma. That is why the genetic counselor told me that there is a high probability of a genetic link for melanoma in my family, but there was little point in doing further testing to find it. It wouldn’t alter the fact that my family needs ongoing screening.
Interview with Jordan Hill, Melanoma Survivor
Christina Henry, Interviewer with Jordan Hill, Melanoma survivor
My special guest today is my son Jordan Hill, who was diagnosed with a melanoma at age 24. Welcome to my podcast, Jordan.
Jordan: Thanks for having me.
Christina: Can you tell us how you came to be diagnosed with a Stage 1 Melanoma at the age of 24?
J: Well for several years you got me to go and have skin tests as a family and there were two or three doctors before we finally landed on this one at Mermaid Beach Practice. They didn’t see anything wrong with this particular dot I had on my hand. It started as a freckle. Over time it started growing black and started looking really nasty. I had random people come up to me in shops (because I work at Officeworks). I had customers pointing out to me “Oh that doesn’t look very good” when I pointed out an item that they noticed on my hand and they commented on it. I guess I never thought anything of it and for about two or three years it was like that.
It was slowly getting worse and looking more black and violent. So you started getting more checks done because we were still figuring out what it was. So we had two skin doctors check and neither of them found anything wrong with it. They just said it was nothing, and that it was no concern. But the third skin doctor took one look at it and he zoomed up on it with this little device and it looked really gnarly. So he took a biopsy out of it. Within a few days I got a phone call and he said it was a Stage 1 Melanoma.
C: What were the signs that this was not just an ordinary mole? What did it look like compared to other moles?
J: Well, all freckles are pretty faded and brown looking but this one started out as just a regular freckle but then over time it just went black and it was this black dot and it kept growing and growing.
C: And it was jagged on the edge too wasn’t it?
J: Yea
C: I’ll put a photo up on my website Midlifestylist.com of how that melanoma looked.
What did the doctor actually do?
J: Well he gave me a little local anaesthetic on the hand and he cut a little incision out of it. It wasn’t so deep. It was only a little deep. What I noticed when he had cut it out, there was still a tiny little black dot there. When it was healing over the next week it wasn’t healing very well. It was kind of struggling. It was very “pussy” and I had to go back and get it cleaned. But when it came back as a Stage 1 Melanoma I noticed that there was some black still there and so we needed a Plastic Surgeon to fully remove it and dig deeper into the tissues to make sure that it was all gone.
C: So Jordan actually rang me. I was on holiday in New Zealand and because, luckily I’m a nurse and I work with Plastic Surgeons I rang and made an appointment for Jordan to see a Plastic Surgeon that I knew. He got him in the following week and within a week Jordan had plastic surgery to remove this. They had to take a full thickness to remove the whole melanoma. It’s about the size of a 50 cent piece and they had to take a graft from beneath his arm to cover that deficit. So that can’t be just any doctor. It had to be a plastic surgeon. Once they did that the margins were clear.
My son’s melanoma before it was removed
So what kind of recovery did you need after that?
J: It was a complete month off, not doing much with your hand basically. They had a cast and bandaged up and everything. I couldn’t move it. I couldn’t do the things I usually do like work and play drums and guitar and all that.
But it gave me a lot of time off to think about how lucky I was to survive cancer basically. And even though it didn’t look too threatening at the time, when I found out what it really was and what it entailed, and what it would have meant if it kept growing, because they said thankfully it was a very slow growing melanoma, if I’d left it for another year or two it would have gotten to a Stage 3 or 4 which is the deadly one where it spreads through the body, and I could have been dead basically by now. So in that recovery time it gave me a second look on life and I feel much more grateful to be here because of that.
Jordan’s hand showing the scar from the skin graft after his melanoma was removed
C: Yea, it changes you hey?
J: It does. And because of that I now get my skin checked every six months and it doesn’t bother me. I just go do it. Even though the skin doctor I regularly go see says “oh, you don’t have to come back for another year or so” I just go “No I still like to come every six months because I just like to be on top of it no matter what.” It doesn’t phase me and it just makes me much happier to know that I’m free of any cancers on my skin.
C: I took my kids to see the skin doctor from the time that they were really young and I know that that’s not a typical thing for people to do with children but because I work in that field of plastic surgery I’m quite paranoid about melanoma and skin cancer. But also Jordan has very fair skin and red hair and that alone puts him at risk. Plus the fact that his aunty and uncle both had melanomas.
J: The thing was when I was about 10 or 12 I had cousins over for the day. We were in the pool all day in the sun and I had no sunscreen on, no shirt. I remember how brutally bad I got sunburnt over my back. That night you were just there putting all this cream and stuff on and it was the most painful …
C: I put burn cream on but it was blistered . I probably should have taken him to the Emergency Department at the hospital because he had second degree burns all over.
J: Absolutely and I’ll never forget how brutally painful that was.
C: I always kept the Silversadine Cream which is a burn cream on hand. At the moment we use Solugel for any little sunburn or anything and it takes the redness away straight away.
What precautions do you take now to protect your skin?
J: Well just going back to when I was sunburnt those many years ago I always from that point on always made sure I had some sunscreen or had jumpers on or hats just to make sure I’m as sun protected as possible. If I was out in the open I’d try and find any shade possible and just try and make sure I was as under cover as possible, and not so much out in the sun. But I think that it’s also too that the Australian sun is just much more stronger. I went to Europe a few years ago and I barely got burnt and I was out in the sun almost every day. I still put sunscreen on and everything and you can still get burnt but I find that in Australia the sun’s way more stronger and you can burn so easily.
I can just walk out on the beach and within ten minutes I’d be burning and you could see I’m burning right in front of you. But we also figured out too that, because I haven’t been really that sunburnt over the years, we figured out that the melanoma developed on the back of my hand from driving. From the sun beaming in through the window. You wouldn’t really think much of it but it makes sense. That would be the only possible reason that I got the melanoma on the back of my hand.
C: What advice would you give to other people?
J: Definitely get your skin checked every couple of years at least. If you’ve got fair skin like me or especially red hair at least once a year or two. Just make sure you check your skin often. If you notice weird bumps or weird changes to your freckles or anything just go and get them looked at. It’s not worth just pondering around it because I never thought anything of the one I had and you know, I’d just get straight on to it. I wouldn’t beat around the bush.
C: And you’ve got to go to an actual skin doctor because they’re trained to look properly.
J: They grab all these magnifying glasses and all this special equipment to look deep into any freckle or any mole and they can see all these different colours and they can tell whether it’s cancer or not straight away.
C: They do mole mapping and he writes it all into his computer, any moles that he’s had a look at. The one that we found that actually identified Jordan’s melanoma, we just stick with him. We go to the same doctor every six months and he knows us. He knows our skin. He remembers lesions. I point out everything, but I also check my skin regularly, more than once a week. I’d say it was virtually every day. I’m always having a good look on my skin.
J: It doesn’t take that much effort to do it.
C: Yea, but there’s areas that you can’t see yourself like your back and your scalp.
J: Yea, that’s exactly why you go and get your skin checked. It doesn’t matter about age as well, being 24 I didn’t think it would be a melanoma. As a kid growing up you go to the doctor’s and you see all the skin charts with all the markings and stuff and you think it’s just what older people get and people in their 40s or 50s or older. And while that is true, look, I was 24. I never saw it coming.
C: So that’s our message, to get your skin checked. It doesn’t take long as Jordan said. It’s a ten minute visit to your doctor regularly. Especially if they’ve found any type of skin cancer in your family, that’s important: to go get checked.
Thank you Jordan, that was really great.
J: No worries.
Screening for Melanoma
Anyone with a parent, sibling or child who has had a melanoma should be carefully monitored for melanoma themselves. Skin examinations should be performed every 3 – 6 months by a specialist skin doctor to monitor any pigmented lesions. It is important to watch moles closely for any signs of change in shape, size or colour.
Dermatologists may photograph moles, known as mole mapping, or view moles with a hand-held device called a dermatoscope. This will assist the doctor to identify changes over time. Any suspicious moles or other skin changes should be removed by a doctor so that the tissue can be analysed under a microscope.
Children should begin screening by age 10. Regular self-examinations should be done monthly to look for skin changes.
What to Look For
Moles are usually round or oval, an even coloured black, brown or tan spot on the skin. They usually stay the same for many years. Almost all moles are harmless, but any changes may indicate a melanoma is developing. Look for any changes in shape, size or colour, or new moles on your skin.
Watch for the following:
A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other;
B – Blurred: The edges are irregular, ragged, notched or blurred;
C – The colour is not the same all over and may include different shades of black or brown, and sometimes have patches of pink, red, white or blue;
D – Diameter: The spot is larger than 6mm (4 inches) across, although some melanomas are smaller than this;
E – Evolving: The spot is changing in size, shape or colour.
The ABCDEs Of Detecting Melanoma: Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolving
Other warning signs are:
A spot that doesn’t heal;
Spread of pigment from the border into the surrounding skin;
Redness or a new swelling beyond the border of the mole;
Change in sensation such as an itch, tenderness or pain;
Change in the surface of the mole: scaliness, oozing, bleeding, or a lump.
Warning Signs of Melanoma
Show your doctor any changes such as these. A yearly (six monthly if you are high risk) specialist skin check should be done because they will thoroughly check all the areas you are unable to see yourself such as your scalp and back. Melanomas can appear in unusual places such as inside your mouth or on the coloured part of your eye, so it is important to show your doctor anything that you are concerned about.
Avoid Skin Exposure to Ultra Violet Rays
People who are high risk should avoid sun exposure and take steps to protect themselves when outdoors. Man-made UV rays such as tanning beds should be avoided. They are banned in Australia but may still be available overseas.
Avoid manicures and pedicures that use UV rays to set the nail art. They have been known to cause melanomas in the nail bed. The curing lamps used to dry shellac and gel during manicures expose nails to UV rays. The UV rays you receive during a manicure are brief but intense, four times stronger than the sun’s UV rays. Only 1.4% of melanomas occur on finger or toe nails. Watch for any darkening of skin around the nail, infections or nails lifting, sensitivity or nodules under the nail.
Protect Your Skin From the Sun
Remember to use sunscreen with a high SP factor, preferably 50 plus. Cover all exposed skin while in the sun and remember you can still get burnt in the winter. Wear a hat and avoid the sun during the hottest part of the day. Protecting your skin from the sun helps you to avoid UV damage which may cause wrinkling and age spots, and expose you to developing melanoma and other skin cancers.
Thank you again to Jordan Hill for telling his story of how he was diagnosed with a melanoma at the age of 24. Photos and more information will be on the website.
My next episode will focus on pancreatic cancer. Many people, even those with a BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation, are unaware of the increased risk of pancreatic and other cancers. Because my dad passed away from pancreatic cancer it is a subject dear to me. Thankyou for listening.
Outro
Do you want to learn more about BRCA gene mutations and cancer awareness? Find me at Midlifestylist.com where you can read about this and living a healthy lifestyle. Please subscribe to the podcast so that you don’t miss an episode. If there is a topic you would like me to talk about you can contact me via Midlifestylist.com. Thank you for listening.
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Welcome to the BRCA gene mutation and cancer awareness podcast. I am Christina Henry of Midlifestylist.com. I am a Registered Nurse with a BRCA2 gene mutation. My podcast will raise awareness of BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations and their link to an increased cancer risk. BRCA gene mutations affect males and females equally, but there isn’t a lot of awareness in the community of the cancers that male carriers are at risk of. My podcast aims to change that. I will also discuss other topics of interest such as genetic counseling and testing, cancer screening and prophylactic surgery. If you would like to know more about BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations, this podcast is for you. Thanks for joining me.
You Just Found Out You Have a BRCA Gene Mutation – what next?
You have had your appointment with the Genetic Counselor, as discussed in the last episode. After an anxious wait, you are notified, usually by mail but sometimes by phone, that you have a BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation. You are probably reeling, and experiencing the full gamut of emotions like shock and grief.
My first thought was for my sons who are aged in their 20s. Because they have a 50% chance of inheriting it from me, I thought I had given them a death sentence. If you don’t have children but want them one day, you will be realising that starting your family now has become that much more complicated.
It is important to remember that a diagnosis of BRCA1 or 2 gene mutation does not mean you will definitely get cancer. It does increase your risk, but other factors need to be considered as well. Genetic testing tests for one mutation only. Someone is either positive or negative – that cannot change over time.
Results will be one of the following:
Positive meaning the person carries the gene mutation.
Negative meaning they do not have that particular gene mutation. It does not rule out mutations in other genes. Breast and other cancers can still occur because most breast cancers are not hereditary.
Ambiguous or uncertain, meaning that a mutation has been found but it is not known whether that mutation has any affect on the chances of developing breast cancer.
If you are diagnosed positive of a BRCA1 or 2 or PALB2 gene mutation, you have a higher chance of developing breast cancer, and are more likely to develop it at a younger age. Estimates vary depending on the source. Women with BRCA1 or 2 mutation can have a 45-65% chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer before age 70. PALB2 mutations have a 33% chance.
You can reduce your risk by doing the following:
Have regular health checks including examining your breasts monthly including if you are a male. Early detection of breast cancer is of utmost importance. A screening plan will be developed by your doctor including more frequent screening starting at a younger age. You should have regular skin checks as well. In my case it is six monthly because of the high risk of melanoma in my family.
Regular screening for females includes 6 monthly to yearly mammograms, ultrasounds and MRIs of your breasts. Males should be screened for prostate cancer as well.
Reducing Your Risk
Your doctor may prescribe risk reducing medications.
An option many females are choosing is risk reduction surgery to remove breasts and ovaries. Because the chances of developing breast cancer are so high, many women undergo prophylactic surgery to remove the breast tissue before cancer has a chance to develop. This is called a bilateral prophylactic mastectomy.
Removal of ovaries and Fallopian tubes may also be done because this can reduce breast and ovarian cancer risk. This procedure is called bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy. Prophylactic surgeries reduce the risk by about 90% but they can’t eliminate the risk entirely. Prophylactic surgery has other implications. It can mean that fertility is affected if the ovaries are removed.
Making Decisions is an Individual Choice
All of these choices should be weighed up before you make any decisions. Getting advice from medical professionals with experience in genetic risk is important. It is also an individual choice – what is right for one person may not be right for someone else. Results can impact many life decisions. A genetic counselor can help you to look at the implications of your results.
The choices available to you may be limited to what is available in your area. You may not live near to specialists who will do prophylactic surgery like mastectomies. There has also been a delay in surgeries because of the pandemic. Many hospitals are only able to treat patients with cancer at the present time, not high risk patients. Because of social distancing some screening clinics have been affected in some areas. This could mean delays which is really frustrating but it’s just one of the effects that the pandemic is having on life as we know it.
My advice is to do your own research. Read as much information as you can. Be informed so that when you do see medical specialists you have a good idea of what to ask. Join support groups as well. I learn a lot from other people in my position. Links to support groups can be found on Midlifestylist.com.
What Influenced My Decisions
Your decisions will be based on your individual circumstances. For example, ten years ago I wouldn’t have done prophylactic surgeries because I was a single parent and did not have the means to have time off work or pay for the surgeries. I had just been through some major heart issues so I was not up to going through anything else at the time. When I was diagnosed with BRCA2 last year my sons were adults, I had a supportive husband and was more financially secure. I was also in my 50s so I felt the pressure of not wanting to delay it any longer. I had had nearly every member of my family diagnosed with cancer so the fear of cancer was foremost in my decisions.
The Impact Of A Positive Result on Other Family Members
Getting a positive result can also impact other members of your family. I talked to my sons about what the implications of my positive result meant for them. They both want children one day so their decisions around that would be affected if they also tested positive. I told them that they would need to tell their future partner and that some women might not want to take the risk of having children with the gene mutation. My sons’ main concern at the time was for me. And naturally they were anxious about inheriting the gene mutation themselves.
I told my siblings and nephews very shortly after I told my sons. My siblings have a 50% chance of inheriting BRCA2, and their children had a 25% chance based on my diagnosis. I have not yet told many of my cousins who have a 25% chance of having the mutation. This is because the last year has been very difficult for me due to multiple surgeries and a long recovery. Now that I am past the worst of it I will let them know. The cousins I have discussed it with so far would rather not know – many of them are head-in-the-sand types. That is their choice but they also have a right to know so that they can research it and decide for themselves.
If you have recently been diagnosed with a gene mutation you might already have been in contact with a Family Health Centre. You will probably receive referrals to a breast surgeon and gynaecologist. You may feel like you are being rushed into making decisions. Don’t rush your decisions, and get second opinions if you need to.
Worst case scenario and your diagnosis will come as a result of a cancer diagnosis of yourself or a close family member. My heart goes out to you and it may seem superficial for me to say, but I do know how you feel. It’s gut wrenching so I wish you all the best for the future.
Further Information
My next episode will focus on melanoma. Many people, even those with a BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation, are unaware of the increased risk of melanoma and other cancers. My son Jordan was diagnosed with a melanoma at age 24. He will be coming to the studio to talk about melanoma and share some important information that everyone should be aware of.
For further information about BRCA gene mutation and cancer awareness, go to my website Midlifestylist.com and search BRCA. You can also read about my personal journey with BRCA2 and prophylactic surgery on the website. A transcript of this episode is available on the website. You can contact me via Midlifestylist.com
Outro
Do you want to learn more about BRCA gene mutations and cancer awareness? Find me at Midlifestylist.com where you can read about this and living a healthy lifestyle. Please subscribe to the podcast so that you don’t miss an episode. If there is a topic you would like me to talk about you can contact me via Midlifestylist.com. Thank you for listening.
Welcome to the BRCA gene mutation and cancer awareness podcast. I am Christina Henry of Midlifestylist.com. I am a Registered Nurse with a BRCA2 gene mutation. My podcast will raise awareness of BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations and their link to an increased cancer risk. BRCA gene mutations affect males and females equally, but there isn’t a lot of awareness in the community of the cancers that male carriers are at risk of. My podcast aims to change that. I will also discuss other topics of interest such as genetic counseling and testing, cancer screening and prophylactic surgery. If you would like to know more about BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations, this podcast is for you. Thanks for joining me.
Welcome to episode 3: How to be tested for BRCA gene mutation
In the last episode I discussed how I came to be aware of the BRCA2 gene mutation in my family, and how I came to be tested. I am now going to explain how to have genetic testing if you suspect that you have a genetic mutation in your family.
The first step is to look at your family’s health history. In particular, ask yourself the following questions:
Have any of your blood relatives had cancer?
What types of cancer were they?
How old were your relatives when they developed cancer?
Are You at High Risk of a BRCA Gene Mutation?
A person is considered high risk of having a BRCA mutation if they have a family history of:
Breast cancer diagnosed before the age of 50;
Male breast cancer at any age;
Multiple relatives on the same side of the family with breast cancer, particularly first degree relatives (mother, sister, daughter);
Multiple breast cancers in the same woman, meaning breast cancer developing in both breasts over time or at the same time;
Both breast and ovarian cancer in the same woman;
A history of ovarian cancer in the woman’s family, especially if a first degree relative;
Ashkenazi Jewish heritage (they have a 2.5% chance of inheriting a BRCA mutation compared to 0.25% in the general population).
I have written an article on Midlifestylist.com called Know Your Family and Personal Health History. I included a free health history form with a family tree so that you can get an idea of how to document your family’s health history. It is important to look at both the males and the females as a BRCA gene mutation can be passed down through either line.
Genetic Testing at a Family Cancer Clinic
Genetic testing is free in Australia if a genetic mutation has been found in your family. You will need your relative’s name and where they were tested. You may have been given a copy of your relative’s results, or a letter from their genetic counsellor saying what genetic mutation they have.
Free genetic testing may be available if there is a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer. The genetic counsellor has to estimate that you have at least a 10% – 15% chance of having a faulty BRCA 1 or 2 gene in the family. A relative that has had breast or ovarian cancer would need to be willing to have genetic testing.
Publicly funded testing is only available through a Family Cancer Clinic in Australia, not via a GP. Family Cancer Clinics are based throughout Australia and are covered by Medicare. Your GP will need to refer you to the clinic for Genetic Counselling first.
Referral for genetic testing at the Family Cancer Clinic will depend on whether the Genetic Counsellor assesses you and feels that there is a strong suspicion of a genetic mutation based on your family history. If you elect to pay privately it costs approximately $2000, which is not covered by Medicare or private insurance.
Private Genetic Counselling
Genetic Counsellors are also available privately in some cities. My Genetic Counsellor is a medical consultant that I saw privately. It did cost me to see him, but my actual test was free. He saw my sons privately as well, and tested them free of charge. I elected to see a private Genetic Counsellor because I had seen him previously and knew him professionally (I am a nurse).
Genetic testing is done via a blood test. My sons and I had two separate blood tests 15 minutes apart. The results were available after a few weeks.
Why You Should Avoid Do-It-Yourself Genetic Tests
I have read about do-it-yourself genetic tests available by mail order. I strongly recommend that you don’t go down this route for a couple of different reasons. First they may give you a false positive or a false negative. It’s more likely to be a false positive which could lead to an anxious reaction for nothing.
Secondly, having the discussion with the genetic counsellor is extremely important. They are able to explain what your risks are, based on your family history. It is not the same for everyone. Some families have a high number of prostate cancer cases, but a low number of breast cancer cases. That is the case in my family.
The implications of a diagnosis of a BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation need to be carefully considered before you have testing. This can only be explained by a medical professional trained in this field. Please don’t take any shortcuts – I strongly advise you to get a referral to a Genetic Counsellor for these reasons.
Further Information
If you would like to read further about this, I have a link on Midlifestylist to Pink Hope. They have an Assess Your Risk Tool on their website that can help you to work out whether you need to see a genetic counsellor or not.
I will be talking about what to do if you test positive for a BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation in my next episode. For further information about this and cancer awareness, go to my website Midlifestylist.com and search BRCA. You can also read about my personal journey with BRCA2 and prophylactic surgery on the website.
Thank you for listening. Please subscribe to the podcast so that you don’t miss an episode. You can contact me via Midlifestylist.com
Outro:
Do you want to learn more about BRCA gene mutations and cancer awareness? Find me at Midlifestylist.com where you can read about this and living a healthy lifestyle. Please subscribe to the podcast so that you don’t miss an episode. If there is a topic you would like me to talk about you can contact me via Midlifestylist.com. Thank you for listening.
Welcome to the BRCA gene mutation and cancer awareness podcast. I am Christina Henry of Midlifestylist.com. I am a Registered Nurse with a BRCA2 gene mutation. My podcast will raise awareness of BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations and their link to an increased cancer risk. BRCA gene mutations affect males and females equally, but there isn’t a lot of awareness in the community of the cancers that male carriers are at risk of. My podcast aims to change that. I will also discuss other topics of interest such as genetic counseling and testing, cancer screening and prophylactic surgery. If you would like to know more about BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations, this podcast is for you. Thanks for joining me.
Being diagnosed with a BRCA2 Gene Mutation – My Story
Many of you have found this podcast through a search for BRCA. You may already follow my blog Midlifestylist.com. I have written quite a lot about my BRCA journey. But I haven’t told my story of how I was diagnosed.
I first heard about BRCA over 10 years ago. Being a nurse, I was aware of families where breast cancer affected multiple generations. I worked in a surgical ward where breast, ovarian and prostate cancer patients were cared for.
My Cousin Has a BRCA2 Gene Mutation
One of my patients happened to be my first cousin. We are from a very large family – I have about 52 first cousins, many of whom are much older than me. This cousin is almost a whole generation older – closer to my parents’ age than mine. I didn’t know her very well because she grew up in Australia, while I grew up in New Zealand.
This cousin had had a very extensive surgery prophylactically. She told me about the BRCA gene mutation – she has BRCA2. Because both her parents had had BRCA2 cancers it was unclear which side of the family the BRCA2 gene mutation came from. My father’s sister is her mother. Both her parents were deceased. Her mother died from ovarian cancer, and her father had had male breast cancer.
My cousin and I had the same breast surgeon. I had seen him because of some breast lumps that were benign. He recommended that I see a genetic counselor. At the time my only direct family that had had cancer was my mother who passed away from metastatic brain cancer, unknown primary.
My First Visit to the Genetic Counselor
After looking at my family history, the genetic counselor advised me that there looked to be no evidence of BRCA2 in my branch of the family tree. The test for BRCA at that time was very expensive. I was a single mother of two teenage boys and did not have the means to pay for testing, or for prophylactic surgery for that matter. I decided to continue regular monitoring which meant yearly mammograms and breast ultrasounds.
Over the next few years more cancer cropped up in my family – two siblings and my son had melanomas, and dad had prostate and pancreatic cancer. My breasts were high risk anyway because of dense breast tissue and the lumps. I was always fearful that they were going to diagnose me with breast cancer.
My Second Visit to the Genetic Counselor
Early in 2020 I decided to go back to the genetic counselor because I could never really get it out of my mind. After revisiting my family tree he said that there was a high probability of me having a BRCA2 gene mutation. The test was relatively straightforward because they only had to look at the same genetic mutation as my cousin. It was now covered by Medicare so there was no cost to me.
I was at work when the genetic counselor phoned me with the results. It was not a surprise to me that I had the genetic mutation. I think I was in shock because I did not react at all. He said that my sons would need to be tested as well.
A BRCA2 Positive Result
I was driving home and it hit me – “Oh My God I have given my sons a death sentence”. Tears started streaming down my face and it was a struggle to drive the rest of the way home. How am I going to tell my boys? I had already discussed what I would do with my husband. Because my risks of breast and ovarian cancer were so high, I knew I would have prophylactic surgery. I had already booked the appointment with the gynae-oncologist.
I had to tell my sons in person and as soon as possible. It was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do. Both of them took it really well and were definite in their desire to have the test as well. We all expected my older son to have the BRCA2 gene mutation as well because he had had a melanoma.
My Third Visit to the Genetic Counselor
We went to the genetic counselor as a family. My sons had their blood tests straight away. A few weeks later they each received a letter in the mail and to our surprise, neither of them tested positive. My older son undoubtedly has a gene for melanoma, but we already have skin checks six monthly so there is no reason to look for the gene responsible.
It is such a huge relief that my sons haven’t inherited the BRCA2 gene mutation from me. They have had to watch me go through multiple surgeries, their grandfather died of prostate and pancreatic cancer, and now my brother has prostate cancer as well. It is one glimmer of joy in this journey with BRCA2.
Genetic Counseling and Testing
I feel very grateful that my cousin told me about BRCA2 10 years ago. I could never relax knowing that there was a chance of me having it as well. I am really lucky that she happened to have the same breast doctor and genetic counselor as I do. It made it much easier to get testing done. Because the BRCA2 gene passed down through the male line in my branch of the family there is not the large incidence of breast or ovarian cancer that would alert the doctors.
It was only by deciding to go back to the genetic counselor that the genetic mutation was discovered. Because there have been a lot of advances in research, it is worth being retested if you had a test done some years ago. Some people who were tested negative back then have now been found to have a genetic mutation. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned.
In my next episode I will be discussing genetic counseling and testing. For further information, go to my website Midlifestylist.com and search BRCA. I will be discussing these topics in greater detail. You can read about my personal journey with BRCA2 and prophylactic surgery on the website.
Thank you for listening. Please subscribe to the podcast so that you don’t miss an episode. You can contact me via Midlifestylist.com
Outro
Do you want to learn more about BRCA gene mutations and cancer awareness? Find me at Midlifestylist.com where you can read about this and living a healthy lifestyle. Please subscribe to the podcast so that you don’t miss an episode. If there is a topic you would like me to talk about you can contact me via Midlifestylist.com. Thank you for listening.
Welcome to the BRCA gene mutation and cancer awareness podcast. I am Christina Henry of Midlifestylist.com. I am a Registered Nurse with a BRCA2 gene mutation. My podcast will raise awareness of BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations and their link to an increased cancer risk. BRCA gene mutations affect males and females equally, but there isn’t a lot of awareness in the community of the cancers that male carriers are at risk of. My podcast aims to change that. I will also discuss other topics of interest such as genetic counselling and testing, cancer screening and prophylactic surgery. If you would like to know more about BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations, this podcast is for you. Thanks for joining me.
Episode 1
This episode is an Introduction to the Midlifestylist BRCA gene mutation and cancer awareness podcast.
The Topic of this episode is What is the BRCA gene mutation and how does it increase cancer risk?
Welcome to the first episode of my podcast. I am passionate about raising awareness of the BRCA gene mutation and cancer risk. I have been a Registered Nurse for 35 years and have cared for patients with cancer throughout my career.
I was diagnosed with the BRCA2 gene mutation in February 2020. My personal journey has featured in many of my blog posts in my website Midlifestylist.com. I have found very few podcasts about BRCA and decided to make my own. This podcast will not only be about my journey, but also will provide information about BRCA gene mutations.
In this episode I will explain what a BRCA gene mutation is, and the implications for carriers. I will talk about cancer risk, and how a BRCA gene mutation increases the risk of several types of cancer.
Firstly, What is a BRCA gene?
BRCA is an abbreviation for BReast CAncer gene. The BRCA gene mutation was discovered in about 1994, and through research, the knowledge about how it increases cancer risk has expanded greatly.
BRCA 1 and 2 are tumour suppressor genes – they repair our DNA. When we have a BRCA gene mutation, this ability to repair DNA is faulty. Everyone has BRCA1 and 2 genes. They play a big role in preventing breast and other cancers. They help repair damage to DNA that can lead to uncontrolled growth of tumours.
BRCA1 and 2 gene mutations are rare. Only 0.25% of people carry them, or about 1 in 400 people. They can be passed down from parent to child. If I have a BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation my children have a 50% chance of inheriting it. Men and women are affected equally. It is important to note that a gene mutation does not guarantee that you will get cancer. Other factors such as lifestyle and environment play a part as well.
What type of cancers have an increased risk in BRCA1 and 2 gene mutation carriers?
The lifetime risk of breast cancer in the general community is around 1 in 7 or 12-13% for women, and rare in men – about 1 in 675. Having a BRCA1 gene mutation increases your risk to 60-80% in women and 1-5% in men. A BRCA2 gene mutation increases women’s breast cancer risk to 40-84% and men’s to 5-10%.
BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations increase your risk of developing breast cancer, and at an earlier age. The cancer is more likely to recur, and be the most aggressive kind. People with BRCA1 gene mutations are more likely to develop triple negative breast cancer which does not respond to hormone therapy or certain drugs. Treatment will be different than for other people because of this. Chemotherapy is more effective at treating it than other types of cancer.
Breast cancer patients with BRCA1 or 2 mutations are more likely to develop a second cancer either in the same or opposite breast. Removing both breasts would usually be recommended.
Other Cancer Risks
There is also an increased risk of developing other cancers such as ovarian, primary peritoneal, pancreatic, prostate and melanoma. BRCA is thought of as a female cancer gene mutation, mainly increasing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer but it can also increase men’s risk of prostate cancer and male breast cancer. And in both sexes the risk for pancreatic cancer and melanoma increases.
The lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in the general community is about 1 in 75. Having a mutation in the BRCA1 gene increases the risk to about 20-45%, while a BRCA2 mutation increases your risk to about 11-27%.
These statistics are estimates only and vary depending on which source they come from. My personal risk is 20-40% chance of getting ovarian cancer and 60-80% chance of getting breast cancer. Because my dad had pancreatic cancer my risk is increased, and because melanoma has affected 3 close family members including my son, I am at high risk of that as well.
People with a BRCA1 gene mutation have a 2-3% chance of getting pancreatic cancer. Those with a BRCA2 gene mutation have a 2-7% chance. People with a BRCA2 gene mutation also have an increased risk of prostate cancer and melanoma. Prostate cancer is particularly alarming at a 15-25% risk. Because many people aren’t aware of the increased risk of these other cancers they may not have the necessary screening. Men are also at a disadvantage because most people do not know that a BRCA1 or 2 mutation affects them as well.
The Risk to Male Carriers
In some families the gene mutation is passed through the male line so it may not be identified as quickly. When a large number of female relatives have breast or ovarian cancer it raises questions as to whether there is a hereditary link. Because of Angelina Jolie having BRCA1 and undergoing prophylactic surgery, there is often the belief that BRCA gene mutation only causes breast and ovarian cancers.
Men with the mutation can be left out in the cold. The colours for BRCA are pink and teal which are feminine colours. More awareness needs to be made of mens’ risk because their cancers are often diagnosed at a later stage.
In my family prostate cancer has been passed down through three generations that I know of. I inherited the BRCA2 gene mutation from my father who had prostate and pancreatic cancer. It also affected my grandfather, and my brother is currently undergoing treatment for stage 3 prostate cancer.
Melanoma also affects my family – brother, sister and son have all had melanoma. These lesser known cancers need to have more of a spotlight on them and that is what I hope to do with my blog and this podcast.
There are other gene mutations that can cause cancer, such as PALB2, CHEK2 and others. Knowing your family history is important because awareness can lead to early detection and treatment of cancer.
For further information, go to Midlifestylist.com and search BRCA. In future podcast episodes I will be discussing these topics in greater detail. You can read about my personal journey with BRCA2 and prophylactic surgery on the website.
Outro
Do you want to learn more about BRCA gene mutations and cancer awareness? Find me at Midlifestylist.com where you can read about this and living a healthy lifestyle. Please subscribe to the podcast so that you don’t miss an episode. If there is a topic you would like me to talk about you can contact me via Midlifestylist.com. Thank you for listening.
I am back after a break from blogging over the last few weeks. My much loved mother-in-law passed away after a battle with lung cancer. I took a break to spend time with my family during her last few weeks and until after her Celebration of Life.
I have written about my incredibly strong mother-in-law before. Gwen was given 18 months when she was diagnosed with lung cancer. She far outlived any of the doctors’ predictions and lasted 3 ½ years. Most of that time she was living independently at home with her 90 year old husband, driving, and still continuing to enjoy social outings to bingo and lunch with her friends.
From Easter onwards we noticed a decline in her condition. She lost her energy, became very short of breath on mild exertion, and started to get more pain. We tried hard to persuade her to take her medication to help with her symptoms but she was reluctant to take too much of it. Her appetite had been poor since she lost her sense of taste so she was losing quite a lot of weight as well.
She had reached many milestones over the last few months – her own 86th birthday in December, Christmas, my father-in-law’s 90th and their 65th wedding anniversary in March. There was only one last milestone to reach – a family reunion with her siblings and their families on the first weekend in May.
A Decline in Condition Leads to a Trip to the Hospital
On the 24th of April she woke in a lot of pain and could barely move due to the breathlessness. We called an ambulance and she was admitted to hospital. Scans showed that her cancer had progressed and she had a pulmonary embolism (blood clot in her lung). She was now to have oxygen permanently. During the whole course of her cancer she had not wanted treatment and was adamant about that. We all supported her in that decision because she was very clear about her wishes.
At the beginning of her hospital stay we thought she may be able to return home so we organised home oxygen, a wheelchair, shower chair and wheely walker. Over the next few days it became more apparent that she would be too unwell to leave the hospital. Her family’s reunion came to her! Quite a few much loved family members visited her in hospital.
Joy in the Palliative Care Ward
It’s not often that a palliative care ward has much joy but Gwen’s room did. There was laughter and tears, as we all tried to make her last few days as positive as we could. Her room radiated with love – our love for her and her love for all of us. Even though we were well prepared, we still felt like we didn’t have enough time when she passed away.
She deteriorated so quickly on her last day we barely had time to make it to the hospital. Most of us were there to hold her hand while she peacefully took her last breaths. We were all heartbroken because we didn’t feel ready for her to be taken from us.
A Celebration of Life
Gwen had been very clear about what she wanted. There was to be no morbid funeral. Instead, she wanted to be cremated privately and a celebration of life was to be held afterwards. She had chosen songs and told us all how she wanted to be remembered. This made it so easy to plan her final celebration of life and I highly recommend that everyone do it. I have now lost both parents, a sister and my mother-in-law and because Gwen had outlined everything she wanted it made it so much easier than the other deaths to plan for her funeral.
The whole family were involved in Gwen’s Celebration of Life. It was held at my brother- and sister-in-law’s home. My brother-in-law gave a lovely eulogy then we had a video with photos of Gwen through the years, and each of us had recorded a short piece saying our memories of Gwen. My niece created a beautiful tribute video to showcase Gwen’s life.
Gwen and her mother on her wedding day
We had a few of the things that Gwen loved on display – her bingo trophy, her favourite drinks Baileys and Scotch, and many family photos with all of her loved ones. The video was a very moving tribute to our much loved matriarch. There wasn’t a dry eye in the place, especially from her loving husband and family.
Grieving the Loss of Someone Special
Once the funeral was over we all felt a sense of relief. We still grieve every day because we miss her so much. It didn’t really sink in for me until Mothers’ Day. Our usual family gathering was very subdued and quiet without her. She always prepared the food and without her there it just seemed strange.
We have all rallied around my father-in-law and make sure we visit and give him the odd meal. Luckily he can cook and he had been helping Gwen with household chores while her health declined. He had a bad fall last year and ended up having a long stay in hospital so we suggested a personal alarm for him. He already has services like housekeeping and lawn mowing set up for him.
Supporting Each Other Through Grief
The one positive of having 11 months off work was that I was able to spend much more time with my in-laws. Seeing everyone come together at this very sad time and emerge from such a sad event is a testament to how strong my husband’s family is. Comparing it to my own family it is obvious to see that some families grow stronger at times like this, and others fall apart like mine. Any cracks that were there before can deepen into chasms if there is dysfunction in a family.
Communication and empathy are the key. We had deep discussions as a family during this period. Being respectful of each other, and showing kindness and compassion can help. Everyone experiences grief differently and just being aware of that can prevent misunderstandings.
Continuing Family Traditions
We aim to continue having family traditions like our Sunday gatherings. Even though it’s not the same without her, those get-togethers will be an important way of supporting each other as time goes on. My own mother passed away thirty years ago so I know that losing your mum is arguably the hardest death to get over. Having experienced the loss of three close members of my family has given me the ability to help others through the experience. Each loss is very different from the next but hopefully I can be the kind of support for others in the family that I know I needed while I was grieving. It’s not a time for isolation – grieving is easier with a shoulder to cry on and a kind ear to listen. It helps me as well. Often a hug and a cry is what we all need and the shared experience can uplift us when we are having a bad day.
With time the deep sorrow does ease. Some things will still trigger emotions, and anniversaries of important dates will still be hard to get through. She will always be in our hearts, nothing will ever change that. Her legacy is her family and our strong bond with each other. May Gwen Rest in Peace.
Introducing My New Resource Page and Podcast for BRCA Gene Mutation and Cancer Awareness
This week I launched my new resource page and podcast for BRCA Gene Mutation and Cancer Awareness. BRCA 1 and 2 genes mutations increase the risk of several types of cancer in their carriers. Because I have a BRCA 2 gene mutation I have an interest in this subject.
The resource page contains information about BRCA gene mutations and the cancers we are most at risk of: breast, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and melanoma. It covers my own personal journey since being diagnosed in February 2020.
There are links to good sources of information including websites, books, documentaries and support groups.
My next project will be a podcast about BRCA gene mutations. I am working on this currently and created a trailer which you can listen to here.
The resource page and podcast are not only of interest to BRCA gene mutation carriers. There is also information on regular health checks everyone should do, and being aware of your own risk of cancer and other diseases.
I would love you to take a look and tell me what you think.
